AMU Surveillance
Surveillance of Antimicrobial Use (AMU) is well established in the Nordic countries, with nationwide systems tracking consumption in both humans and animals. See the Antimicrobial Use (AMU) concept page for detailed country-by-country data sources and responsible entities.
Key Data Sources
Human AMU
- Prescription databases - capture outpatient dispensing data
- Wholesale data - track supplies to hospitals and institutions
- Patient records - hospital medication use
- Standardised using ATC/DDD system (WHO Collaborating Center at NIPH)
Veterinary AMU
- Sales data from pharmaceutical wholesalers
- Prescription registers (e.g., VetStat in Denmark, VetReg in Norway)
- Species-level and indication-level data in some countries
Reporting
- Human AMU → ESAC-Net
- Veterinary AMU → ESVAC / ESUAvet (renamed 2023)