Icelandic Annual Report on AMU/AMR
Iceland’s annual report on antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in humans and animals. The first report was published in 2012.
Structure
The report is a collaboration between multiple institutions:
| Institution | Role |
|---|---|
| Centre for Health Security | Human AMR data coordination |
| Icelandic Food and Veterinary Authority | Animal AMR/AMU data |
| Landspitali University Hospital | Human AMR data, hospital AMU data |
| Icelandic Medicines Agency | Antimicrobial sales data |
| University of Iceland Experimental Center for Pathology | Animal AMR data |
| Environment Agency of Iceland | Environmental data |
Human Surveillance
| Component | Data Source |
|---|---|
| Clinical labs | Directorate of Health |
| Antibiotic sales | Icelandic Medicines Agency |
Animal & Food Surveillance
| Component | Data Source |
|---|---|
| Pathogenic/zoonotic/indicator bacteria | MAST |
| Antibiotic sales | Icelandic Medicines Agency |
- Regular MRSA screenings of pig populations (2014/2015, 2018, 2020, 2022, 2025)
- Surveys tracking ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli
- Heilsa central veterinary database (cattle, horses, sheep; expansion to all species under development)
Environmental Surveillance
- Not yet established as routine surveillance
- See Environmental AMR Surveillance
National Action Plan
Iceland’s National Action Plan on AMR (2025–2029) outlines a coordinated five-year strategy to preserve antibiotic effectiveness and limit resistant bacteria spread.
International Reporting
- Human AMR data → EARS-Net
- Animal/food AMR data → EFSA/ECDC (Iceland participates in EU harmonised monitoring despite non-EU membership)