FINRES / FINRES-Vet

FINRES and FINRES-Vet are Finland’s dual surveillance programmes for monitoring antimicrobial resistance in humans and animals, respectively.

FINRES: Human AMR monitoring, coordinated by THL
FINRES-Vet: Veterinary AMR monitoring, coordinated by Ruokavirasto

Structure

Component	Coordinator	Key Partners
Human AMR (FINRES)	THL	FiRe laboratories network
Animal/Food AMR (FINRES-Vet)	Ruokavirasto	THL
AMU data (human + animal)	Fimea	Pharmaceutical wholesalers

Human Surveillance (FINRES)

Clinical microbiology data from FiRe laboratories and THL’s mycobacterial laboratory (since 1992)
THL compiles, interprets, and publishes annual Finres reports
National Infectious Disease Register (NIDR): mandatory notification system for 40 infectious diseases and resistant organisms
Open-access AMR database: sampo.thl.fi
Grounded in Communicable Diseases Act (2016)

Animal & Food Surveillance (FINRES-Vet)

Component	Data Source
Pathogenic/zoonotic/indicator bacteria	THL, Ruokavirasto
Antibiotic sales	Fimea

Covers industrial food production, meat, fur industry, veterinary clinics for companion animals and horses
Fimea provides veterinary antibiotic sales data from pharmaceutical wholesalers

Environmental Surveillance

Not yet established as routine surveillance
See Environmental AMR Surveillance

International Reporting

Human AMR data → EARS-Net
Animal/food AMR data → EFSA/ECDC
Human AMU → ESAC-Net
Veterinary AMU → ESVAC/ESUAvet