Swedres-Svarm

Swedres-Svarm is Sweden’s joint surveillance programme combining human (Swedres) and veterinary (Svarm) antimicrobial resistance monitoring. The results are published in a combined annual report.

• Swedres established: 2002
• Website: sva.se

Structure

Component	Coordinator	Key Partners
Human AMR (Swedres)	Folkhälsomyndigheten	Clinical laboratories nationwide
Veterinary AMR (Svarm)	SVA	Slaughterhouses, veterinary clinics
AMU data	Swedish eHealth Agency	SVA, SBA

Human Surveillance (Swedres)

Component	Data Source
Clinical labs	PHAS
Antibiotic sales	Swedish eHealth Agency

• Clinical laboratories automatically report susceptibility test results into national databases:
  • SmiNet - notifiable disease reporting
  • Svebar - voluntary AMR data reporting
• Covers both invasive and non-invasive isolates from primary and specialist care
• Routine surveillance for ESBL-producing E. coli from urine and bloodstream infections
• Legislative basis: Communicable Diseases Act (Smittskyddslagen, SFS 2004:168)

Animal & Food Surveillance (Svarm)

Component	Data Source
Pathogenic/zoonotic/indicator bacteria	SVA
Antibiotic sales	SVA, SBA

• Managed by Statens Veterinärmedicinska Anstalt
• Monitors commensal bacteria in food-producing animals from slaughterhouses
• Routinely collects diagnostic samples from diseased animals

Environmental Surveillance

• Not yet routine
• Research initiatives underway, including wastewater studies
• See Environmental AMR Surveillance

International Reporting

• Human AMR data → EARS-Net
• Animal/food AMR data → EFSA/ECDC
• Human AMU → ESAC-Net
• Veterinary AMU → ESVAC/ESUAvet

Related Pages

• Sweden
• PHAS · SVA · Swedish eHealth Agency · SBA
• Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
• Antimicrobial Use (AMU)
• One Health